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Data Sizes

Primitives, objects, and real-world payloads

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Data size estimation drives every architectural decision. A boolean takes 1 bit, but a 4K video needs 375MB. Understanding these scales helps you plan storage, calculate bandwidth, and estimate costs. At internet scale, small differences compound: saving 100 bytes per user means 100GB less storage for 1 million users.

The key insight: optimize for your actual data patterns. If 90% of your traffic is text but 10% is video, the video will dominate your infrastructure costs. Design around your heaviest data types first.

⚡ Quick Decision

Optimize for Small Data When:

  • • Handling millions of records
  • • Memory constraints critical
  • • Network bandwidth limited

Consider Compression When:

  • • Text/JSON payloads >1KB
  • • Images/video storage costs high
  • • Mobile users with data limits

Plan for Large Data When:

  • • Media-heavy applications
  • • File uploads common
  • • Storage costs become significant

💡 For implementation guides and code examples: See our technology deep dives: Object Storage, PostgreSQL, Redis

Interactive Data Size Explorer

Explore data sizes across different categories to understand storage and bandwidth requirements.

Primitive Data Types

Basic building blocks of all data structures

Boolean1 bit
True/false, but usually stored as 1 byte
ASCII Character1 byte
Single byte encoding (English text)
32-bit Integer4 bytes
Standard numeric type, 2B range
64-bit Long/Double8 bytes
High precision, large range
UUID16 bytes
Globally unique identifier
IPv4 Address4 bytes
32-bit network address
IPv6 Address16 bytes
128-bit next-gen addressing

🧠 Data Size Memory Palace

Visual mnemonics to remember key data sizes. Think in orders of magnitude for quick estimates.

📝
Tweet
~280 bytes = One thought
📄
Database Row
~1KB = One record
🌐
Web Page
~2MB = One website
🎬
4K Video
~375MB = One minute

💰 Storage Costs (AWS S3)

1 GB: ~$0.02/month
1 TB: ~$20/month
1 PB: ~$20,000/month
Transfer costs: $0.09/GB out

📏 Scale Multipliers

Tweet → Web Page: 10,000x
Row → HD Photo: 2,500x
Boolean → 4K Video: 1,000,000x
Design around largest data types
Remember: 1024 bytes = 1 KB, 1024 KB = 1 MB, 1024 MB = 1 GB. Always design for your 99th percentile data sizes, not your averages.
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