Object Storage

Master scalable, durable cloud storage systems like Amazon S3 and their architectural patterns

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Object Storage Cost Calculator

1000 GB
100,000 requests
100 GB
1 region

Cost Breakdown

Storage Cost:$48.3
Request Cost:$0.13
Transfer Cost:$9
Total Monthly:$57.43

Storage Efficiency

Original Data:1000 GB
After Compression:700 GB
Total Stored:2100 GB
Compression Savings:30%

Performance & Reliability

Access Time:1ms
Throughput:100 MB/s
Availability:99.999999999%
Durability:99.999999999%

Scale Limits

Max Object Size:5120 GB
Max Objects:1e+12
Redundancy Copies:3
Bandwidth Limit:5000 MB/s

Object Storage Fundamentals

Object storage is a data storage architecture that manages data as objects, providing virtually unlimited scalability, high durability, and cost-effective storage for cloud applications and data archiving.

Scalability

Store exabytes of data with billions of objects using flat namespace architecture.

Durability

99.999999999% (11 nines) durability through redundant storage across multiple locations.

Cost-Effective

Pay only for what you use with multiple storage classes optimized for different access patterns.

Object Storage Architecture

Core Components

Objects

The fundamental units of storage, containing data, metadata, and a unique identifier.

Data: The actual file content
Metadata: Content-type, creation date, custom tags
Unique ID: Global identifier for retrieval

Buckets/Containers

Logical containers that group objects and define access policies and configurations.

Namespace: Unique bucket names
Policies: Access control rules
Configuration: Versioning, lifecycle, CORS

Storage Classes

Standard Storage

For frequently accessed data with millisecond access times and high throughput.

Infrequent Access

For data accessed less frequently but requiring rapid access when needed.

Glacier/Archive

For long-term archival with retrieval times from minutes to hours.

Deep Archive

Lowest cost for rarely accessed data with 12+ hour retrieval times.

REST API Interface

# Create bucket
PUT /bucket-name HTTP/1.1
Host: s3.amazonaws.com
# Upload object
PUT /bucket-name/object-key HTTP/1.1
Content-Type: image/jpeg
Content-Length: 1048576
# Retrieve object
GET /bucket-name/object-key HTTP/1.1
Host: s3.amazonaws.com

Advanced Data Management

Lifecycle Management

Automatically transition objects between storage classes or delete them based on age or access patterns.

Day 0: Standard storage
Day 30: Infrequent access
Day 90: Glacier
Day 2555: Delete
# Lifecycle policy JSON
{
"Rules": [{
"Status": "Enabled",
"Transitions": [{
"Days": 30,
"StorageClass": "IA"
}, {
"Days": 90,
"StorageClass": "GLACIER"
}]
}]
}

Versioning & Replication

Object Versioning

Keep multiple versions of objects to protect against accidental deletion or modification.

Version 1: document.pdf (current)
Version 2: document.pdf (previous)
Version 3: document.pdf (archived)

Cross-Region Replication

Automatically replicate objects across geographic regions for disaster recovery.

Primary: US East (N. Virginia)
Replica: EU West (Ireland)
Replica: Asia Pacific (Tokyo)

Multipart Upload

Break large objects into smaller parts for parallel upload, improved performance, and resumable uploads.

✓ Benefits:
  • Parallel uploads for speed
  • Resume failed uploads
  • Handle network interruptions
  • Upload objects > 5GB
5GB File Upload
Part 1: 1GB ✓
Part 2: 1GB ✓
Part 3: 1GB ⟳
Part 4: 1GB ⋯
Part 5: 1GB ⋯

Security & Access Control

Identity & Access Management

Bucket Policies

JSON-based policies that define permissions for bucket and object operations.

Access Control Lists

Fine-grained permissions at the object level for specific users or groups.

Pre-signed URLs

Time-limited URLs for temporary access without exposing credentials.

Encryption

Server-Side Encryption

SSE-S3: Service-managed keys
SSE-KMS: Key Management Service
SSE-C: Customer-provided keys

Client-Side Encryption

• Encrypt data before upload
• Client manages encryption keys
• Zero-knowledge architecture

Access Logging & Monitoring

# Example access log entry
192.168.1.1 [13/Dec/2023:16:45:23 +0000] "GET /bucket/image.jpg HTTP/1.1"
200 1048576 "https://example.com" "Mozilla/5.0..."
# Track all bucket operations

Real-World Object Storage Services

Amazon S3

• 99.999999999% (11 nines) durability
• Multiple storage classes
• Global infrastructure
• Billions of objects stored

Google Cloud Storage

• Strong consistency for all operations
• Integrated with BigQuery and AI
• Edge caching with CDN
• Per-second billing

Azure Blob Storage

• Hot, cool, and archive tiers
• Integration with Azure services
• Hierarchical namespace option
• Advanced threat protection

MinIO

• Open-source, S3-compatible
• High-performance object storage
• Kubernetes-native deployment
• Multi-cloud and hybrid support

Ceph Object Storage

• Distributed, open-source
• RADOS Gateway (RGW)
• S3 and Swift API compatibility
• Self-healing and self-managing

Backblaze B2

• Low-cost cloud storage
• S3-compatible API
• Simple pricing model
• 1/4 the cost of other providers

Use Cases & Best Practices

🎯 Content Distribution

  • • Static website hosting
  • • Media and video streaming
  • • Software distribution
  • • CDN origin storage

📊 Data Analytics

  • • Data lake storage
  • • Big data processing input
  • • Machine learning datasets
  • • ETL pipeline storage

🛡️ Backup & Archive

  • • Database backups
  • • Long-term data retention
  • • Compliance archiving
  • • Disaster recovery

⚡ Performance Optimization

  • • Use appropriate storage classes
  • • Implement request rate optimization
  • • Leverage multipart uploads
  • • Design efficient key naming

💰 Cost Management

  • • Implement lifecycle policies
  • • Monitor and analyze access patterns
  • • Use compression when possible
  • • Optimize data transfer costs

🔒 Security Best Practices

  • • Enable encryption at rest
  • • Use IAM roles and policies
  • • Implement access logging
  • • Regular security audits

📝 Object Storage Knowledge Quiz

1 of 5Current: 0/5

What is the key characteristic of object storage?