Performance Optimization Guide
Not Started
Loading...
Performance Optimization
Comprehensive guide to system performance optimization techniques
11
Optimization Techniques
Database
high impactmedium complexity
Database Indexing
Create indexes to speed up query performance
Techniques:
- •B-tree indexes for range queries
- •Hash indexes for equality lookups
- •Composite indexes for multi-column queries
Benefits:
- +Faster query execution
- +Reduced I/O operations
- +Better concurrent performance
Tradeoffs:
- -Increased storage space
- -Slower write operations
- -Index maintenance overhead
Key Metrics:
Query execution timeIndex hit ratioDisk I/O reduction
Tools:
EXPLAIN PLANDatabase profilersQuery analyzers
Database
high impactmedium complexity
Query Optimization
Optimize SQL queries for better performance
Techniques:
- •Use appropriate WHERE clauses
- •Avoid SELECT * statements
- •Use JOINs instead of subqueries when possible
Benefits:
- +Reduced query execution time
- +Lower resource consumption
- +Better scalability
Tradeoffs:
- -More complex query writing
- -Increased development time
- -Need for query analysis expertise
Key Metrics:
Query response timeRows examined vs returnedCPU usage
Tools:
EXPLAINQuery profilersDatabase monitoring tools
Caching
high impactmedium complexity
Application-Level Caching
Cache frequently accessed data in application memory
Techniques:
- •In-memory caching (Redis, Memcached)
- •Application-level cache (local cache)
- •Cache-aside pattern
Benefits:
- +Dramatically reduced latency
- +Decreased database load
- +Better user experience
Tradeoffs:
- -Cache invalidation complexity
- -Memory usage overhead
- -Data consistency challenges
Key Metrics:
Cache hit ratioResponse time improvementMemory usage
Tools:
RedisMemcachedHazelcastCaffeine
Caching
high impactlow complexity
CDN Optimization
Use Content Delivery Networks for static content
Techniques:
- •Static asset caching
- •Geographic distribution
- •Edge caching
Benefits:
- +Reduced latency globally
- +Decreased origin server load
- +Better availability
Tradeoffs:
- -Additional service cost
- -Cache invalidation delays
- -Complexity in cache management
Key Metrics:
Global response timeCache hit ratioBandwidth savings
Tools:
CloudFlareAWS CloudFrontAzure CDNGoogle Cloud CDN
Code
high impacthigh complexity
Algorithm Optimization
Improve algorithmic efficiency and data structures
Techniques:
- •Choose optimal data structures
- •Reduce time complexity (Big O)
- •Minimize memory allocations
Benefits:
- +Faster execution times
- +Lower memory usage
- +Better scalability
Tradeoffs:
- -Increased development complexity
- -Code readability challenges
- -Longer development time
Key Metrics:
Execution timeMemory usageCPU utilization
Tools:
ProfilersBenchmarking toolsCode analyzers
Code
medium impactlow complexity
Lazy Loading
Load resources only when needed
Techniques:
- •Lazy initialization of objects
- •On-demand resource loading
- •Pagination for large datasets
Benefits:
- +Faster initial load times
- +Reduced memory usage
- +Better user experience
Tradeoffs:
- -Potential delays on first access
- -Increased complexity
- -Need for loading states
Key Metrics:
Initial load timeMemory usageUser engagement
Tools:
Intersection Observer APIReact.lazyDynamic imports
Network
medium impactlow complexity
Data Compression
Compress data to reduce transfer times
Techniques:
- •Gzip compression for text
- •Brotli compression for modern browsers
- •Image optimization and compression
Benefits:
- +Reduced bandwidth usage
- +Faster page load times
- +Lower data transfer costs
Tradeoffs:
- -CPU overhead for compression
- -Increased server processing
- -Complexity in setup
Key Metrics:
Transfer size reductionPage load timeBandwidth usage
Tools:
WebpackGzipImageOptimBrotli
Network
high impactmedium complexity
Connection Pooling
Reuse database and network connections
Techniques:
- •Database connection pooling
- •HTTP connection keep-alive
- •Connection pool sizing
Benefits:
- +Reduced connection overhead
- +Better resource utilization
- +Improved throughput
Tradeoffs:
- -Memory usage for idle connections
- -Configuration complexity
- -Connection leakage risks
Key Metrics:
Connection establishment timePool utilizationThroughput
Tools:
HikariCPpgbouncerConnection pool monitors
Infrastructure
high impactmedium complexity
Load Balancing
Distribute load across multiple servers
Techniques:
- •Round-robin load balancing
- •Weighted load balancing
- •Health check implementation
Benefits:
- +Better resource utilization
- +Improved availability
- +Higher throughput
Tradeoffs:
- -Additional infrastructure complexity
- -Session management challenges
- -Increased operational overhead
Key Metrics:
Request distributionResponse timeServer utilization
Tools:
NGINXHAProxyAWS ALBGoogle Cloud Load Balancer
Infrastructure
high impacthigh complexity
Horizontal Scaling
Add more servers to handle increased load
Techniques:
- •Auto-scaling groups
- •Microservices architecture
- •Stateless application design
Benefits:
- +Better scalability
- +Improved fault tolerance
- +Cost-effective scaling
Tradeoffs:
- -Increased complexity
- -Data consistency challenges
- -Network overhead
Key Metrics:
Throughput per instanceScaling response timeCost per request
Tools:
KubernetesDocker SwarmAWS Auto ScalingTerraform
Frontend
medium impactlow complexity
Asset Optimization
Optimize static assets for faster loading
Techniques:
- •Image optimization and modern formats
- •CSS and JavaScript minification
- •Bundle splitting and tree shaking
Benefits:
- +Faster page load times
- +Better user experience
- +Improved SEO rankings
Tradeoffs:
- -Build process complexity
- -Development workflow changes
- -Debugging challenges
Key Metrics:
First Contentful PaintLargest Contentful PaintBundle size
Tools:
WebpackParcelViteImageOptim
Optimization Impact Matrix
8
high Impact Techniques
3
medium Impact Techniques
0
low Impact Techniques
Optimization Strategy: Start with High Impact, Low Complexity techniques for quick wins. Then tackle High Impact, High Complexity optimizations for maximum benefit. Always measure before and after to validate improvements.